Fig. 1

Growth conditions and experimental design. A) Representation of the experimental design showing the two-way factorial design with the two factors considered were: two lighting treatments (16- and 22-hrs. of supplemental lighting), and three soil media/seeding-density treatments (Control, HD-soil, and HD-sand). a Oat plants grown at 16 (1, 3, and 5) and 22-hrs. (2, 4, and 6) of supplemental lighting in different soil/media, including Control (1 and 2), HD-soil (3 and 4), and HD-sand (5 and 6)