A novel approach integrating multispectral imaging and machine learning to identify seed maturity and vigor in smooth bromegrass

Table 4 Seed germination characteristics of smooth bromegrass measured as influenced by day after anthesis, nitrogen application and grain position

Treatment	GPT	GPC	RL	SL	FW	MGT	GI	VI
Days after anthesis
16	88.04 ± 1.64b†	92.46 ± 0.55b	7.59 ± 0.08b	6.44 ± 0.10c	0.11 ± 0.00c	8.85 ± 0.03a	10.09 ± 0.07c	1.26 ± 0.07c
23	94.04 ± 0.39a	95.38 ± 0.36a	8.31 ± 0.14a	7.62 ± 0.09b	0.17 ± 0.00b	8.66 ± 0.02b	10.64 ± 0.05a	1.86 ± 0.04b
30	90.12 ± 0.85b	95.88 ± 0.70a	8.39 ± 0.1a	7.8 ± 0.12b	0.19 ± 0.00a	8.88 ± 0.02a	10.22 ± 0.05bc	1.93 ± 0.05ab
36	91.12 ± 0.64ab	95.5 ± 0.48a	8.29 ± 0.07a	8.22 ± 0.10a	0.20 ± 0.00a	8.81 ± 0.01a	10.32 ± 0.05b	2.07 ± 0.05a
Nitrogen application
CK	91.09 ± 0.78ab	94.56 ± 0.58ab	8.16 ± 0.07a	7.21 ± 0.12b	0.16 ± 0.01a	8.81 ± 0.02a	10.31 ± 0.06a	1.66 ± 0.06a
N1	89.16 ± 1.26b	94.16 ± 0.49b	8.28 ± 0.13a	7.62 ± 0.13a	0.17 ± 0.01a	8.81 ± 0.03a	10.25 ± 0.06a	1.82 ± 0.07a
N2	92.25 ± 0.54a	95.69 ± 0.44a	8.00 ± 0.1a	7.74 ± 0.16a	0.17 ± 0.01a	8.79 ± 0.02a	10.40 ± 0.06a	1.86 ± 0.08a
Grain position
IG	89.81 ± 0.90	94.79 ± 0.39	8.04 ± 0.08	7.30 ± 0.12	0.16 ± 0.01	8.84 ± 0.02	10.23 ± 0.05	1.70 ± 0.06
SG	91.85 ± 0.55	94.81 ± 0.46	8.25 ± 0.09	7.74 ± 0.11**	0.17 ± 0.01	8.77 ± 0.01**	10.41 ± 0.04*	1.86 ± 0.06

† Means followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at the P < 0.05 level, based on Tukey’s HSD test
* Significant at the 0.05 probability level
** Significant at the 0.01 probability level

ISSN: 1746-4811