Fig. 2

PCA analysis and cluster analysis results of machine recognition. (A) Principal component analysis. (PCA) and load map showing the distribution of phenotypic parameters and their contributions to the principal components. (B) Hierarchical cluster analysis of phenotypic parameters obtained using the High-Throughput Plant Imaging System (HTPIS). The X-axis represents the sample dendrogram generated by Ward’s method based on Euclidean distance, while the Y-axis corresponds to the unique identification numbers assigned to individual plants. The color scale indicates the extent of phenotypic variation, with darker shades reflecting greater differences