Fig. 2

Schematic representation of the customized setup for leaf image acquisition. A metal frame was used for mounting a smartphone camera and LED lights. A matte white board was used as the background for leaf imaging while maintaining a fixed distance of 50 cm from the camera. Camera parameters (focus, exposure, and ISO) were set by focusing on the empty stage to maintain uniformity of color tone across images. Images were captured using the voice-activated mode to operate the camera remotely, avoiding camera movement and shadows